Dermatitis in hairdressers as a problem in chemical control.

نویسنده

  • Marie-Louise Lind
چکیده

Much occupational disease in Europe is skin related and is mostly eczemas, usually on the hands (Dickel et al., 2001). In Britain, there are 31 000 cases of skin diseases that are reported by the sufferers to be work-related (HSE, 2005). Occupational dermatitis is a well-known problem among hairdressers, as either irritant contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis, or often a combination of both. Hairdressers are exposed to extensive wet work that can cause irritant contact dermatitis, and they have daily skin contact with innumerable cosmetic products containing compounds that are known to cause contact allergy. In Britain, hairdressers and barbers are in the top three occupational groups in terms of prevalence of dermatitis (HSE, 2004), and have been selected as a priority area for intervention within HSE’s Skin Disease Project, which in turn forms part of the Disease Reduction Programme. In this issue, we report the levels of pertinent aromatic amines and resorcinol on hairdressers’ hands in Sweden (Lind et al., 2005). Amongst other chemicals, we found potentially sensitizing levels of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) on their hands during hair dyeing. As PPD was formerly banned in Sweden, and now permission is supposed to be obtained for its use, it provides an interesting example of the problems of chemical control. In Sweden there has long been a trend in occupational welfare work where many opinion leaders have considered that the chemical problems—if not already solved—are easily dealt with. You simply remove the hazardous chemical and the problems will disappear. Of course, this is not always true, and hair dyes are a good example: in Sweden, efforts to remove a potentially hazardous chemical from the market have failed. Today, the constituents of hair dyes most known to cause sensitization are the aromatic amines (PPD), and toluene-2,5-diamine (TDA) or its sulphate, toluene-2,5-diaminesulphate (TDS). These are used in permanent, ‘oxidative’, hair dyes, which are the most common type in the world market (Corbett, 1991). Permanent hair dyes have been in use since the late nineteenth century (Wall, 1957). Several clinical studies show that hairdressers run a high risk of developing occupational allergic contact dermatitis. PPD and TDA (or TDS) are often the most common agents responsible for allergic reactions, 17–58% of patch-tested hairdressers showing positive reactions to PPD and 14–25% to TDA or TDS in different studies (Armstrong et al., 1999; Iorizzo et al., 2002; Nettis et al., 2003; Uter et al., 2003). Apart from the local effect, systemic diseases can also follow exposure to the ingredients in permanent hair dyes. Studies of hair dye exposure indicate an increased risk of bladder carcinoma, both among hairdressers and women who use permanent hair dyes (GagoDominguez et al., 2001). Owing to the risk of sensitization, the use of PPD in hair dyes was prohibited in Sweden between 1943 and 1992, and TDA between 1943 and 1964. From 1964 to 1992 TDA was used in permanent hair dyes instead of PPD (Wahlberg et al., 2002). With Sweden’s entry to the European Union in 1992, the national prohibition on the use of PPD was lifted, to bring Swedish law into line with the EU. Under the EEC Cosmetic Directive, PPD is allowed in hair dye products with a concentration limit of 6%; the TDA limit is 10%. *Tel: +46-8-619-6995; fax: +46-8-619-6896; e-mail: [email protected]

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Occupational dermatitis in hairdressers: do they claim workers' compensation?

BACKGROUND Hairdressers are one of the largest occupational groups attending our Occupational Dermatology Clinic. However, few seek workers' compensation for their occupational dermatitis. OBJECTIVES To retrospectively analyse and compare workers' compensation claims data and diagnosed disease data for occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers from 1993 to 2009, for the state of Victori...

متن کامل

Occupational dermatitis in hairdressers - influence of individual and environmental factors.

BACKGROUND Hairdressers are at risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis because of their intense contact with wet work in combination with chemicals. OBJECTIVES To perform an analysis of a cohort study of hairdressers with occupational contact dermatitis recognized in the period 2006-2011, focusing on individual and environmental factors associated with the disease. METHODS The st...

متن کامل

Occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers: an analysis of patch test data from the Danish contact dermatitis group, 2002-2011.

BACKGROUND Occupational contact dermatitis among hairdressers is frequent, owing to daily exposure to irritants and allergens. OBJECTIVES To identify sensitization to the most common allergens associated with the occupation of hairdressing. METHODS Patch test results of 399 hairdressers and 1995 matched controls with contact dermatitis, registered by the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group betw...

متن کامل

Occupational hand dermatoses of hairdressers in Tainan City.

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, clinical features, and patterns of hand dermatosis in hairdressers in Tainan, Taiwan, and to examine the associations between patterns of dermatosis and risk factors such as job description, work exposure, and sensitisation to common allergens. METHODS Interviews, examinations, and patch tests of the hairdressers from nine hairdressing stores randomly s...

متن کامل

شیوع اگزمای دست خود گزارشی در آرایشگران زن شهر ارومیه و عوامل موثر بر آن در سال 1394

Introduction: Hairdressers in their occupation are exposed to different chemicals and sensitizers that may cause adverse skin effects such as hand eczema. The current investigation aimed to determin the self-reported hand eczema prevalence in a sample of hairdressers of Urmia city and its associated factors in 2015. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional case control design in which 385 ha...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • The Annals of occupational hygiene

دوره 49 6  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2005